1. Surgery Overview
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove large or complex kidney stones that cannot be treated effectively with less invasive methods. During PCNL, a small incision is made in the back to create a direct pathway to the kidney. A nephroscope is then inserted to locate and remove the stones. This procedure is often recommended for stones larger than 2 cm, staghorn calculi, or stones resistant to other treatments.
2. Type of Anesthesia
PCNL is performed under general anesthesia to ensure the patient is completely unconscious and pain-free during the procedure.
3. Possible Risks and Complications
Bleeding
Infection
Injury to surrounding organs (such as the bowel)
Urine leakage or collection (urinoma)
Incomplete stone removal
Need for additional procedures
Temporary or permanent reduction in kidney function
4. Hospital Stay Duration
Patients typically stay in the hospital for 2 to 4 days, depending on their recovery and whether additional procedures are required.
5. Important Post-Operative Care
Monitor urine output and color; blood-tinged urine is common initially
Drink plenty of fluids to help flush out remaining fragments
Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities for several weeks
Take prescribed antibiotics and pain medications as directed
Follow wound care instructions to prevent infection at the incision site
Attend follow-up appointments and imaging studies to ensure complete stone clearance
Contact the doctor if fever, severe pain, or difficulty urinating occurs