1. Surgery Overview
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) surgery is performed to remove as much of the aggressive brain tumor as safely possible. GBM is a high-grade (grade IV) glioma, known for its rapid growth and tendency to infiltrate surrounding brain tissue. Surgical resection is typically the first step in treatment, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The goal of surgery is maximal safe resection—to reduce tumor burden, relieve symptoms, and improve the effectiveness of subsequent therapies. Due to the tumor’s infiltrative nature, complete removal is rarely achievable.
2. Type of Anesthesia
This procedure is done under general anesthesia. In some cases, if the tumor is near critical functional areas, an awake craniotomy may be performed to preserve speech or motor function during tumor removal.
3. Possible Risks and Complications
Bleeding
Infection
Brain swelling
Seizures
Neurological deficits (such as weakness, speech difficulties, or vision problems)
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak
Incomplete tumor removal requiring further treatment
Deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (in longer surgeries or post-op recovery)
4. Hospital Stay Duration
The average hospital stay is 5 to 7 days, depending on the extent of the surgery and the patient’s neurological status post-operatively. Intensive care observation may be necessary during the first 24–48 hours.
5. Important Post-Operative Care
Post-operative MRI within 48–72 hours to assess tumor resection
Antiseizure medications and corticosteroids to manage swelling
Early rehabilitation if needed (physical, occupational, or speech therapy)
Avoidance of strenuous activities for several weeks
Coordination with oncology for starting adjuvant therapy (typically radiation and temozolomide chemotherapy)
Regular follow-up appointments with neurosurgery and neuro-oncology
6. Possibility of Recurrence
Recurrence is almost inevitable with GBM due to its highly infiltrative and aggressive nature. Continuous monitoring with MRI scans is necessary, often every 2–3 months. Additional treatments such as re-operation, re-irradiation, or participation in clinical trials may be considered if the tumor recurs.